Impact of Blended Learning on Academic Achievement and Self-Assessed Confidence: Evidence from Postgraduate Family Medicine in Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51985/Keywords:
Education, Family Practice, Self-assessment, Medical, GraduateAbstract
Objective: To evaluate the impact of a one-year blended learning program on academic achievement and self-assessed confidence among postgraduate Family Medicine students in Pakistan.
Study design and setting: A retrospective analysis conducted at a public sector Pakistani university.
Methodology: Data from 20 students who completed a six-module Family Medicine certificate program (2022–2024) were analyzed. Each module included a 15-item multiple-choice pre- and post-test and a self-assessment of confidence level using a three-point scale. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test compared pre- and post-test scores, while frequency distributions examined changes in self-assessed confidence.
Results: Mean test scores increased significantly from 8.1 ± 3.2 to 11.3 ± 3.8 (p<0.001). Self-assessed confidence levels rose markedly: the proportion of students reporting comfort increased from an average of 16% pre-module to 54% postmodule, while discomfort decreased from 12% to 2%. Improvements were consistent across most modules, though Module 2 showed a smaller, non-significant gain.
Conclusions: Blended learning significantly enhances academic performance and self-assessed confidence in postgraduate Family Medicine education. These parallel improvements suggest the approach effectively bridges theoretical knowledge and professional confidence, supporting its adoption in specialized medical training programs. The findings underscore blended learning’s potential to address both cognitive and affective learning domains simultaneously.
References
1. Ananga P, Biney IK. Comparing face-to-face and online
teaching and learning in higher education. MIER J Educ Stud
Trends Pract 2017;7(2):165-79.https://doi.org/10.52634
/mier/2017/v7/i2/1415.
2. Graham CR. Blended learning systems: definition, current
trends and future directions. In: Bonk CJ, Graham CR, editors.
The handbook of blended learning: global perspectives, local
designs. San Francisco: Pfeiffer; 2006. p. 3–21.
3. Dos B. Developing and Evaluating a Blended Learning Course.
Anthropologist 2014;17(1):121-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/
09720073.2014.11891421.
4. Halverson LR, Graham CR. Learner engagement in blended
learning environments: a conceptual framework. Online Learn
2019;23(2):145-78. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v23i2.1481.
5. Al Rawashdeh AZ, Mohammed EY, Al Arab AR, Alara M,
Al-Rawashdeh B. Advantages and disadvantages of using elearning in university education: analyzing students’
perspectives. Electron J e-Learn 2021;19(3):107–117.
https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.19.3.2168.
6. Dias SB, Diniz JA. Towards an enhanced learning management
system for blended learning in higher education incorporating
distinct learners’ profiles. Educ Technol Soc 2014;17(1):
307–319.
7. Blieck Y, Kauwenberghs K, Zhu C, Struyven K, Pynoo B,
DePryck K. Investigating the relationship between success
factors and student participation in online and blended learning
in adult education. J Comput Assist Learn 2019;35(4):476–490.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12351.
8. Sahni J. Does blended learning enhance student engagement?
Evidence from higher education. J e-Learn High Educ
2019;2019:1–14. https://doi.org/10.5171/2019.121518.
9. Andrade H, Du Y. Student responses to criteria-referenced
self-assessment. Assess Eval High Educ 2007;32:159–81.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930600801928.
10. Baars M, Vink S, van Gog T, de Bruin A, Paas F. Effects of
training self-assessment and using assessment standards on
retrospective and prospective monitoring of problem solving.
Learn Instr 2014;33:92–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.learninstruc.2014.04.004.
11. Spiller D. Assessment matters: self-assessment and peer
assessment [Internet]. Hamilton (NZ): Teaching Development,
The University of Waikato; 2009 [cited 2025 Feb 20]. Available
from: http://www.waikato.ac.nz/tdu/pdf/ booklets/8_Self
PeerAssessment.pdf.
12. Choudhary K. An approach to enhancing continuous evaluation
through self-reflection among students of the foundation
program in design course. Creative Educ 2024;15(6):1003–11.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2024.156061.
13. Vallée A, Blacher J, Cariou A, Sorbets E. Blended learning
compared to traditional learning in medical education:
systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res
2020;22(8):e16504. https://doi.org/10.2196/16504.
14. Ashraf MA, Tsegay SM, Gull N, Saeed M, Dawood H. The
role of blended learning in improving medical students’
academic performance: evidence from Pakistan. Front Med
2024;11:1425659. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1425659.
15. Khan UI, Farazdaq H, Naseem A, Suleman W, Saleem S,
Qadir MA, Fatima K. Evaluation of FamMed Essentials: A
blended learning program for capacity building of general
practitioners in Pakistan. BMC Med Educ 2024;24:218.
https://doi.org.10.1186/s12909-024-05069-y.
16. Masood S, Bhombal ST, Ghulam U. Blended learning: An
innovative teaching strategy to teach dermatology to the
family medicine residents of a teaching hospital. J Family
Med Prim Care;13(9):3571-3575. https://doi.org/10.4103/
jfmpc.jfmpc_1837_23.
17. Liu Q, Peng W, Zhang F, Hu R, Li Y, Yan W. The effectiveness
of blended learning in health professions: Systematic review
and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res 2016;18(1):e2.
https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4807.
18. Regmi A, Mao X, Qi Q, Tang W, Yang K. Students' perception
and self-efficacy in blended learning of medical nutrition
course: a mixed-method research. BMC Med Educ
2024;24(1):1411. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06339-
5.
19. Liao B, Ma S, Ni Y, Li H, Xue Y, Dang S, et al. Comparing
the effects of blended learning and traditional instruction on
“Medical Genetics and Embryonic Development” in
undergraduate medical students: a randomized controlled
trial. Glob Med Educ 2024;1(1):53–62 DOI: https://doi.org
/10.1515/gme-2024-0014.
20. Means B, Toyama Y, Murphy R, Baki M. The effectiveness
of online and blended learning: a meta-analysis of the empirical
literature. Teach Coll Rec 2013;115(3):1–47. https://doi.org/
10.1177/016146811311500307.
21. Minhas W, White T, Daleure G, Solovieva N, Hanfy H.
Establishing an effective blended learning model: teacher
perceptions from the United Arab Emirates. SAGE Open
2021;11(4):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211061538.
22. Kintu MJ, Zhu C, Kagambe E. Blended learning effectiveness:
the relationship between student characteristics, design features
and outcomes. Int J Educ Technol High Educ 2017;14:1–20.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Journal of Bahria University Medical & Dental College is an open access journal and is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0. which permits unrestricted non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0