Evaluation of the Physicomechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Glycyrrhiza Glabra and Piper Nigrum Modified Glass Ionomer Cement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51985/JBUMDC2025573Keywords:
Antibacterial, Glass Ionomer cement, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Microhardness, Physicomechanical, Piper nigrum.Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between concentration of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) and Piper nigrum (PN) on the inhibition zone of S. mutan, Lactobacili and E.coli and their effect on the physicomechanical properties of conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC).
Study Design and Setting: This experimental study tested the antibacterial activity and microhardness of modified-GIC at Baqai Medical University and NED University Karachi, Pakistan.
Methodology: The herbs were added to GIC in 4-16% concentration separately and in combination. Sample characterization was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in 4000-700 cm-1 range. The antibacterial efficacy was tested in-vitro using disc diffusion method on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar plates. Microhardness was tested by Vickers microhardness tester. The pH was measured using digital pH meter and the data was analyzed using Anova test on SPSS software to compare the inhibition zones and a Post-hoc Tukey’s test was conducted.
Results: An increase was observed in the inhibitory zone of group 2 (GIC + GG), group 3 (GIC + PN) and group 4 (GIC+GG+PN) as compared to that of conventional GIC (control group) and the increase was more pronounced for GG as compared to PN. The modified groups showed increase in pH at all intervals. Microhardness of modified groups was equal to control group indicating that the addition of herbs into conventional GIC did not impact its physicomechanical properties.
Conclusions: The tests revealed improved antibacterial activity of herb-modified GIC without significant changes in the physicomechanical properties
References
1. Tahir L, Nazir R. Dental Caries, Etiology, and Remedy through
natural resources. Dental Caries Diagnosis, Prevention and
Management. 2018;16:75937. DOI:10.5772/intechopen.75937.
2. Ismail A, Hasson H, Sohn W. Dental caries in the second
millennium. J Dent Educ. 2001;65:953-959. DOI:10.1002/j
.0022-0337.2001.65.10.tb03469.x
3. Naik R, Dodamani A, Khairnar M, Jadhav H, Deshmukh M.
Comparative assessment of antibacterial activity of different
glass ionomer cements on cariogenic bacteria. Restor Dent
Endod. 2016;41:278-282. DOI: 10.5395/rde.2016.41.4.278
4. Sidhu S, Nicholson J. A review of glass-ionomer cements for
clinical dentistry. J Funct Biomater. 2016;7:16. DOI:
10.3390/jfb7030016.
5. Craig R, Powers J. Restorative dental materials. 11th ed. St.
louis: Mosby-Elsevier Science Ltd; 2002. DOI:10.1016/C2010-
0-65754-3
6. Takahashi Y, Imazato S, Kaneshiro A, Ebisu S, Frencken J,
Tay F. Antibacterial effects and physical properties of glassionomer cements containing chlorhexidine for the ART
approach. Dent Mater.2006;22:647–652. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental
.2005.08.003
7. Jain, E., Pandey, R.K. and Khanna, R., 2013. Liquorice root
extracts as potent cariostatic agents in pediatric practice. J
Ind Soci Ped Prev Dent. 2013;31:146-152.DOI: 10.4103/0970-
4388.117964
8. Badr A, Omar N, Badria F. A laboratory evaluation of the
antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of Liquorice when used as
root canal medicament. Int Endod J. 2011; 44:51–58.DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01794.x
9. Sidarta YO. White Pepper Extract ( Piper nigrum L .) as
Antibacterial Agent for Streptococcus mutans In Vitro.Journal
of Biomim, Biomater and Biomed Eng.2020;14:111-118.
DOI:10.9790/0853-0462529
10. Tripathi A, Ray A, Mishra S. Molecular and pharmacological
aspects of piperine as a potential molecule for disease
prevention and management: evidence from clinical trials.
Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2022; 11:1–24.DOI:
10.1186/s43088-022-00196-1
11. Zhou, Jun-Xian, Markus Santhosh Braun, Pille Wetterauer,
Bernhard Wetterauer, and Michael.Antioxidant, Cytotoxic,
and Antimicrobial Activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Paeonia
lactiflora and Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Extracts"
Medicines. 2019;6:43.DOI: 10.3390/medicines6020043
12. Halberstein R. Applications of medicinal plants in dentistry.
Eur J Gen Dent. 2012; 1:123-124.
13. Luiz J, Sá S, Brenda S, Branco C, Gois LC D. Influência da
adição de piperina na ação antimicrobiana do Óxido de Zinco
e Eugenol (OZE ): OZE / PIPERINA uma nova proposta de
cimento odontológico Influence of piperine addition on the
antimicrobial action of ZincOxide and Eugenol ( ZOE ): ZOE
/ PIPER.Res Soc Dev. 2021;21:1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/
10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18804
14. Tamhankar K, Dhaded NS, Kore P, Nagmoti JM, Hugar SM,
Patil AC. Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Calcium
Hydroxide, Propolis, and Glycyrrhiza glabra as intracanal
medicaments in root canal treatment. J Contemp Dent Pract.
2021;22:707-712.DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3106
15. Sharma S, Sogi, G. M, Saini V, Chakraborty T, & Sudan J.
Effect of liquorice (root extract) mouth rinse on dental plaque
and gingivitis – A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Ind
Soci Perio. 2022;26:51-57.DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_517_20
16. Tiwari S, Kenchappa M, Bhayya D, Gupta S, Saxena S,
Satyarth S, Singh A, Gupta M. Antibacterial Activity and
Fluoride Release of Glass-Ionomer Cement, Compomer and
Zirconia Reinforced Glass-Ionomer Cement. J Clin Diagn
Res. 2016;10:90-93. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/16282.7676
17. Gorlenko, C, Kiselev H, Budanova, E, Zamyatnin J and
Ikryannikova, L. Plant secondary metabolites in the battle of
drugs and drug-resistant bacteria: new heroes or worse clones
of antibiotics. Antibiotics. 2020;9:170.DOI: 10.3390/
antibiotics9040170
18. Khere C, Hiremath H, Sandesh N, Misar P. Evaluation of
antibacterial activity of three different glass ionomer cements
on streptococcus mutans: an in-vitro antimicrobial study. Med
Pharm Rep. 2019;92:288–293.DOI: 10.15386/mpr-1113
19. Paulraj, J., & Nagar, P. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Triphala
and Propolis-modified Glass Ionomer Cement: An In Vitro
Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2020;13:457-462.
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1806
20. Hajipour MJ, Fromm KM, Ashkarran AA, de Aberasturi DJ,
de Larramendi IR, Rojo T, Serpooshan V, Parak WJ, Mahmoudi
M. Antibacterial properties of nanoparticles. Trends in
biotechnology. 2012 Oct 1;30(10):499-511.https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.06.004
21. Tripathi A, Ray A, Mishra S. Molecular and pharmacological
aspects of piperine as a potential molecule for disease
prevention and management: evidence from clinical trials.
Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2022; 11:1–24.DOI:
10.1186/s43088-022-00196-1
22. Hamdy TM. Evaluation of compressive strength, surface
microhardness, solubility and antimicrobial effect of glass
ionomer dental cement reinforced with silver doped carbon
nanotube fillers. BMC Oral Health. 2023 Oct 23;23(1):777.
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03542-6
23. Almuhaiza, M. Glass-Ionomer Cements in Restorative
Dentistry: A Critical Appraisal. J Contemp Dent Pract.
2016;17:331–336.DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1850
24. Xie D, Brantley W, Culbertson B, Wang G. Mechanical
properties and microstructures of glass-ionomer cements.
Dent Mater 2000;16:129-138.DOI: 10.1016/s0109-
5641(99)00093-7
25. Cardoso A, de Sousa Leitão A, Neto J, de Almeida T, Lima
D, Brandt L, de Castro R, Cavalcanti A, Evaluation of Fluoride
Release, PH and Microhardness of Glass Ionomer Cements.
Pesqui. Bras. Odontopediatria Clín Integr. 2015;15:
23–29.DOI:10.4034/PBOCI.2015.151.03
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Journal of Bahria University Medical & Dental College is an open access journal and is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0. which permits unrestricted non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
