Determining the Effect of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Pain Relief after Cesarean Section

Authors

  • Ayesha Shahid
  • Huda Shafqat
  • Salman Maqbool
  • Ahsan Ali
  • Rehana Feroze

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51985/JBUMDC2021111

Keywords:

Cesarean section, Dexmedetomidine, Hyperbaric bupivacaine, Intrathecal space

Abstract

Objective: To analyze efficacy of intrathecal Dexmedetomidine as adjunct to hyperbaric Bupivacaine in terms of postoperative analgesia after caesarean section.
Study Design & Setting: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Department of Anesthesia, Rawal Institute
of Health Sciences, Islamabad from20th, October 2018 to 20thApril 2019 after taking Ethical board approval from the
Institute. (letter no RIHS-REC/030/18, dated, 18th October 2018).
Methodology: Total n=120 patients having ASA status I, II undergoing elective cesarean section were randomly divided
into 2groups (60 each) by lottery method. Group-A, was given hyperbaricBupivacaine (0.5%) 12mg alone and group-B,
was given hyperbaricBupivacaine (0.5%) 12mg along with injection Dexmedetomidine 4ug in intrathecal space respectively.
Patients were followed in postoperative period for onset of pain and requirement for rescue analgesia in first 6 hours.
Results: There was statistically significant difference in mean onset of postoperative pain among both the groups-A and
B (178.18 ± 12.51 versus 364.07± 35.58min respectively with p value 0.000), as well as, postoperative analgesic requirement,
in first 6 hours, 39 (65.0 %) versus 31 (51.7 %) with p-value 0.000 respectively. However, on stratification, considering
effect modifiers, like age (20-30 years and 30-40 year and previous history of cesarean section), there was statistically
significant difference in mean onset of pain in both groups, but no significant difference was found regarding rescue
analgesic requirement in both groups.
Conclusion: Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine along with hyperbaric Bupivacaine was better than hyperbaric Bupivacaine
alone in controlling postoperative pain in caesarean section.

References

Shitemaw T, Jemal B, Mamo T, Akalu L. Incidence and

associated factors for hypotension after spinal anesthesia

during cesarean section at Gandhi Memorial Hospital Addis

Ababa, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2020;15(8):e0236755.

doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236755

Moore DC, Bridenbaugh LD. Spinal (Subarachnoid) Block:

A Review of 11,574 Cases.JAMA 1966;195(11):907– 912.

Doi:10.1001/jama.195.11.907

Wu HH, Wang HT, Jin JJ, Cui GB, Zhou KC, Chen Y, Chen

GZ, Dong YL, Wang W. Does dexmedetomidine as a neuraxial

adjuvant facilitate better anesthesia and analgesia? A systematic

review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014 ;9(3):e93114. doi:

1371/journal.pone.0093114.

Zahid F, Tarar HM, Tariq M. Intrathecal tramadol as an

adjuvant in subarachnoid block to prolong the duration of

analgesia. PAFMJ 2017; 67(4): 534-39.

Ahmed F, Khandelwal M, Sharma A. A comparative study of

the effect of clonidine, fentanyl, and the combination of both

as adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine for postoperative

analgesia in total abdominal hysterectomy. J Anaesthesiol

Clin Pharmacol 2017;33(1):102-106. doi:10.4103/0970-

202194

Bhardwaj S, Devgan S, Sood D, Katyal S. Comparison of

Local Wound Infiltration with Ropivacaine Alone or

Ropivacaine Plus Dexmedetomidine for Postoperative Pain

Relief after Lower Segment Cesarean Section. Anesth Essays

Res 2017;11(4):940-945. doi: 10.4103/aer.AER_14_17

Nie Y, Tu W, Shen X et al. Dexmedetomidine added to

sufentanil patient-controlled intravenous analgesia relieves

the postoperative pain after cesarean delivery:A prospective

randomised controlled multicenter study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:

Ganesh M, Krishnamurthy D. A comparative study of

dexmedetomidine and clonidine as an adjunct to intrathecal

bupivacaine in lower abdominal surgeries. Anesth Essays Res

; 12: 539-545. DOI: 10.4103/aer.AER_54_18

Lee S. Dexmedetomidine: present and future directions.

Korean J Anesthesiol. 2019;72(4):323-330. doi:10.4097

/kja.19259

Javahertalab M, Susanabadi A, Modir H, Kamali A, Amani

A, Almasi-Hashiani A. Comparing intravenous

dexmedetomidine and clonidine in hemodynamic changes

and block following spinal anesthesia with ropivacaine in

lower limb orthopedic surgery: a randomized clinical trial.

Med Gas Res 2020;10(1):1-7. doi:10.4103/2045-9912.279977

Morgan GE, Mikhail MS. Clinical Anesthesiology.6th Edition.

McGraw Hill Education 2018; 18:523.

Yektas A, Belli E. The effects of 2ug and 4ug doses of

dexmedetomidine in combination with intrathecal hyperbaric

bupivaineon spinal anaesthesia and its postoperative analgesic

characteristics. Pain Res Manay 2014; 19(2):75-81. doi:

1155/2014/956825.

Boublik J, Gupta R, Bhar S, Atchabahian A. Prilocaine spinal

anesthesia for ambulatory surgery: A review of the available

studies.Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2016 ; 35(6):417-421.

DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2016.03.005

Routray SS, Raut K, Pradhan A, Dash A, SorenM.

Comparison of Intrathecal Clonidine and Fentanyl as Adjuvant

to Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in Subarachnoid Block for Lower

Limb Orthopedic Surgery.Anesth Essays Res .2017 ; 11(3):

– 593.doi: 10.4103/aer.AER_91_17.

Qurban F, Qureshi SA, Hassan SI, Azeem Y. Determine the

analgesic effectiveness of Dexmedetomidine with hyperbaric

bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for patients undergoing lower

limb surgery. Pak J Med Health Sci 2020;14(2):1569-71

Farooq S, Rizvi MFA, Yousuf SMA, Dilshad R, Bashir G,

Dilshad A. Comparing intrathecal dexmedetomidine and

fentanyl as adjuvants to hyperbaric bupivacaine in elective

casarian section, a study. Professional Med J 2022; 29(2):218-

doi.org/10.29309/TPMJ/2022.29.02.6414

Chaney MA. Side effects of intrathecal and epidural opioids.

Can J Anaesth1995; 42:891-903. doi: 10.1007/BF03011037

Bi YH, Cui XG, Zhang RQ, Song CY, Zhang YZ. Low dose

of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in cesarean

surgery provides better intraoperative somato-visceral sensory

block characteristics and postoperative analgesia. Oncotarget

;8(38):63587-63595.doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18864.

Kanazi GE, Aouad MT, Jabbour-Khoury SI, Al Jazzar MD,

Alameddine MM, Al-Yaman R, et al. Effect of low-dose

dexmedetomidine or clonidine on the characteristics of

bupivacaine spinal block. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2006;

:222-7.

Samantaray A, Hemanth N, Gunnampati K, Pasupuleti H,

Mukkara M, Rao MH. Comparison of the effects of adding

dexmedetomidine versus midazolam to intrathecal bupivacaine

on postoperative analgesia. Pain Physician 2015;18(1):71–77

Bae HB. Dexmedetomidine: an attractive adjunct to anesthesia.

Korean J Anesthesiol 2017;70(4):375-376. doi:10.4097/

kjae.2017.70.4.375

Naaz S, Ozair E. Dexmedetomidine in current anaesthesia

practice- a review.J Clin Diagn Res 2014 ; 8(10):GE01-4.doi:

7860/JCDR/2014/9624.4946.

Patro SS, Deshmukh H, Ramani YR, Das G. Evaluation of

Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Intrathecal Bupivacaine

in Infraumbilical Surgeries. J Clin Diagn Res 2016;10(3):

UC13-UC16.doi: 10.7860/JCDR/ 2016/ 17987.7379.

Gautam B, Lama SM, Sharma M. Effects of Adding Intrathecal

Dexmedetomidine to Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Saddle

Spinal Block in Adults Undergoing Peri-anal Surgeries. J

Nepal Health Res Counc 2018 ;16(1):43-48.

Rai A, Bhutia MP. Dexmedetomidine as an Additive to Spinal

Anaesthesia in Orthopaedic Patients Undergoing Lower Limb

Surgeries: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Two

Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine. J Clin Diagn Res

;11(4):UC09-UC12. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/ 2017/ 26241

.9654

Downloads

Published

2022-10-06

How to Cite

Shahid , A. ., Shafqat, H. ., Maqbool, S. ., Ali, A. ., & Feroze, R. . (2022). Determining the Effect of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Pain Relief after Cesarean Section. Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College, 12(04), 181–185. https://doi.org/10.51985/JBUMDC2021111

Issue

Section

Original Articles