Caries Experience and Oral Health Status among Disabled Individuals of Special School of Gadap Town Karachi
Keywords:
Down syndrome, Mental retardation, Cerebral palsy, Autistic disorder, Oral hygieneAbstract
Objective: To assess caries and oral health status of disabled individuals of special school in Gadap Town of Karachi, Pakistan.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in 94 participants. The study was conducted
on special persons, aged between 4-33 years, who were examined for caries and oral health status and were then included in
the study upon fulfilling the inclusion criteria. A self-structured questionnaire related to the DMFT and plaque index was
developed and data of each disabled individual was collected by trained house officers. Data was analyzed using SPSS software
20 version.
Results: In this study males were 72.6 % and females were 26.3%.Study participants with mental retardation were 41.1%, being
highest in frequency, followed by cerebral palsy 9.5%,autistic disorder 3.2% and Down`s syndrome 3.2% respectively. Study
results clearly indicated that oral hygiene was inadequate in all conditions of special persons who were studied. The group with
lack of motor skills did not have significantly better oral hygiene than the group who had good motor skills. Overall both groups
had poor oral hygiene.
Conclusion: Oral health status in disabled individuals is found to be poor.Adequate follow-up of daily oral hygiene, even in
self-sufficient special persons is needed. There is a strong need for enhanced education on mechanical as well as chemical
plaque control to the parents/ guardians/ care givers of the disabled individuals.
References
Watson N. Barriers. Discrimination and prejudice. In:
Nunn J, editor. Disability and Oral Care. London: World
Dental Press Ltd 2000. p.15-28
Baykan Z. Causes and prevention of disabilities, handicaps,
and defects. J Cont Med Educ. 2003;9:336-8
Mcdonald RE, Avery D.Odontoiatria per bambino el’adolescente.
Piccin, Padova, 1988
Storhaug K. The mentally retarded and the dental health
services. Treatment needs and preventive strategies. Nor
Tannlaegeforen Tid 1991; 101(8):262-5
Bortolotti L, Cetrullo L, Frezza R. Iltrattamentoambulatorialedeglihandicapati.
Il dentistamoderno 1986; 10: 6570
Palin-Palokas T, Hausen H, Heinonen I. Relative importance
of caries risk factors in Finnish mentally retarded
children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1987;15(1):
-23
Hennequin M, Faulks O, Roux O. Accuracy of estimation
of dental treatment needs in special care patients. J Dent
;28:131-6
Boj JR, Davila JM. Differences between normal and
developmentally disabled children in a first dental visit.
J Dent Child 1995;62:52-6
Brandes DA, Wilson S, Preisch JW, Casamassimo PS.
A comparison of opinions from parents of disabled and
nondisabled children on behavioral management techniques
used in dentistry. Spec Care Dent 1995;15:119-
Dicks JL. Outpatient dental services for individuals
with mental illness: A program description. Spec Care
Dent 1995;15:239-42
Glassman R, Miller CE, Lechowick A. A dental school’s
role in developing a rural, community based, dental care
delivery system for individuals with developmental
disabilities. Spec Car Dent 1996;16:188-93
Tesini DA. An annotated review of the literature of dental
caries and periodontal disease in mentally retarded
individuals. Spec Care Dent 1981;1:75-87
Haavio ML. Oral health care of the mentally retarded
and other persons with disabilities in the Nordic countries:
Present situation. Spec Care Dent 1995;15:65-9
Newacheck PW, Mc Manus M, Fox HB, Hung YY, Halfon
N. Access to health care for children with special
health care needs.Pediatric 2000;105:760-6
Pinkham JR. Oral hygiene in children: relationship to
age and brushing time. J Prev Dent 1975;2:28-31
Francis JR, Hunter B, Addy M. A comparison of three
delivery methods of chlorhexidine in handicapped
children, effects on plaque, gingivitis, and tooth staining.
J Periodontol 1987;58:451-5
Full CA, Kerber PE, Boender P, Schneberger N. Oral
health maintenance of the institutionalized handicapped
child. J Am Dent Assoc 1977;94:111-3
Holcomb FH, Taylor PP, Saunders WA. Comparison of
two oral hygiene devices for the physically handicapped.
J Dent Child 1970;37:325-9
Unkel JH, Fenton SJ, Hobbs G Jr, Frere CL. Tooth
brushing ability is related to age in children. J Dent
Child 1995;62:346-8
Johnson R, Albertson D. Plaque control for handicapped
children. J Am Dent Assoc 1972;84:824-8
Sogi GM, Bhaskar DJ. Dental caries and Oral Hygiene
Status of school children in Davangere related to their
Socio-Economic levels: An Epidemiological study.
J Indian Soc Pedo Prev Dent 2002;20:152-7
Murray JJ, McLeod JP. The dental condition of severely
subnormal children in three London boroughs. Br Dent
J 1973;134:380-5
Brown JP, Schodel DR. A review of controlled surveys
of dental disease in handicapped persons. ASDC J Dent
Child 1976;43:313-20
Morton ME. Dental disease in a group of adult mentally
handicapped patients. Public Health 1977;91:23-32
Miller JB, Taylor PP. A survey of the oral health of a
group of orthopedically handicapped children. J Dent
Child 1970;37:331-2
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Asghar Ali, Muhammad Ali Leghari, Samreen Mazhar, Mahwish Bano
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Journal of Bahria University Medical & Dental College is an open access journal and is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0. which permits unrestricted non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0