Age Related Cytoarchitectural Comparison of Histopathological Changes in Thyroid Nodule

Authors

  • Tanweer Fatima
  • Sanum Ali
  • Ghansham Rawtani
  • Surrendar Dawani
  • Sehrish Hussain
  • Sarah Zahid
  • Aillah Baluch
  • Shahid Rasul

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51985/%20JBUMDC2022107

Keywords:

Bethesda category, Cytoarchitecture, Thyroid gland, Thyroid lesion, Thyroid nodule.

Abstract

Objective: To compare age related histomorphological changes through cytology (Bethesda category) and histopathology
in thyroid nodules.
Study design and setting: This cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, BMSI, JPMC Karachi
from 31-March-2021 to 31-August-2021.
Methodology: Total n=120 patients of all ages, genders and ethnicities that underwent surgery for thyroid nodules were
included after taking duly signed consent. On the basis of cytological reports (FNAC) patients were grouped according
to age and gender. Processed paraffin blocks were sectioned at a thickness of 5µm and then were stained with Haematoxylin
and Eosin (H&E) for histological evaluation. Masson trichrome stain was used to observe fibrosis, that was measured
through Image J Fiji software.
Results: We evaluated that out of 120 patients, male to female ratio was 1:5.67. Among various ethnic groups; Urdu
speaking (40.8%) with mean age of 40.3% were commonly affected. Histopathological examination revealed that most
common benign lesion was colloid nodular hyperplasia and papillary carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion.
Highest percentage of fibrosis (36%) was seen in middle aged participants (p-0.045). Basement membrane thickness with
lowest percentage (12%) was observed in younger age participants while highest (31%) was measured in older aged
participants (p-0.001). Accuracy score of FNAC showed sensitivity 59%, specificity 96.6%, accuracy 86%, positive
predictive value (PPV) 86% and negative predictive value (NPV) 87%.
Conclusion: With progression in age thyroid gland undergo histomorphological changes, early diagnosis will help in
categorical nomenclature and its implications for subsequent management of patients with thyroid lesions

References

Arul P, Masilamani S. A correlative study of solitary thyroid

nodules using the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid

cytopathology. J Can Res Ther. 2015; 11(3): 617-622. DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.157302

Uyar O, Cetin B, Aksel B, Dogan L, Beksac K, Akgul GG,

et al. Malignancy in solitary thyroid nodules: evaluation of

risk factors. Oncol Res Treat. 2017;40 (6):360-363. DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1159/000464409

Dhingra PL. Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat & Head and

Neck surgery: Thyroid gland and its disorders: 6th Ed,

Elsevier; 2014. p. 326.

Standring S, editor. Gray’s Anatomy: the anatomical basis of

clinical practice: Head and neck: 41st Ed, Elsevier; 2016. p.

-471.

Abdullah SI, Al-Samarrae AJ, Mahood AK. The Effect of

Aging on Human Thyroid Gland:(Anatomical and Histological

Study). Iraqi J Comm Med. 2010; 23(3), 158-164.

Zhu Y, Song Y, Xu G, Fan Z, Ren W. Causes of misdiagnoses

by thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC): our

experience and a systematic review. Diagn Pathol. 2020;15(1):

-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13000-019-0924-z

Jayaram J, Sandhya J, Garimella R, Ashfaq B. A clinical

study of solitary nodule of thyroid. Indian J Appl Res. 2019;

(12): 34-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar

Karim MI, Nachev R, Fuklev N, Nargis N. A study on

evaluation of solitary nodular thyroid lesions by FNAC and

its histopathological correlation. BJMS. 2019; 30;18(4): 789-

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v18i4.42906

Jabeen S, Fatima S, Sheikh A, Islam N. Non Invasive Follicular

Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary like nuclear features

(NIFTP), A time for change in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci.

;36 (2):151-155. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.12669/ pjms.

2.1123

Kumar RS. Evaluation and Management of Solitary Thyroid

Nodules. J Cont Med A Dent. 2021; 9(2): 4-7

Lee AW, Mendoza RA, Aman S, Hsu R, Liu L. Thyroid cancer

incidence disparities among ethnic Asian American

populations, 1990–2014. Ann Epidemiol. 2022; 66: 28-36.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.11.002

Beynon ME, Pinneri K. An overview of the thyroid gland

and thyroid-related deaths for the forensic pathologist. Acad

Forensic Pathol. 2016; 6(2):217-236. DOI: https://doi.org/

23907/2016.024

Mishra S, Sathe NU, Chavan K, Misal P. A Prospective

Comparative Study Of FineNeedle Aspiration Cytology And

Histopathology In Thyroid Disorders. Br J Bio Med Res.

; 03(05): 1121-1145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24942/

bjbmr.2019.581

Khan F, Hilal K, Ali I, Samad M, Tariq R, Ahmad W, et al.

Hospital-based ultra-sonographic prevalence and spectrum

of thyroid incidentalomas in Pakistani population. Cureus.

; 13(8): e17087. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/ cureus.

Xu L, Zeng F, Wang Y, Bai Y, Shan X, Kong L. Prevalence

and associated metabolic factors for thyroid nodules: a crosssectional study in Southwest of China with more than 120

thousand populations. BMC Endocr Disord. 2021; 21(1): 1-

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-021-00842-2

Kamran M, Raza I, Mohiuddin M, Adnan N, Shaheen S,

Rehan R. Quantitative assessment of thyroid gland volume

among the ethnic groups of Karachi population. PJMD.

;8(1): 44-48. DOI: http://ojs.zu.edu.pk/ojs/index. php/

pjmd/article/view/123

Kamran M, Hassan N, Ali M, Ahmad F, Shahzad S, Zehra N.

Frequency of thyroid incidentalomas in Karachi population.

Pak J Med Sci. 2014; 30(4): 793-797. DOI: https://doi.org/

12669/pjms.304.4808

Rout K, Ray CS, Behera SK, Biswal R. A comparative study

of FNAC and histopathology of thyroid swellings. Indian J

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011; 63(4):370-372. DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-011-0280-0

Mehmood NM, Bhatti LA, Anwar MI, Chaudhry MA, Ahmed

MI, Nadir M, et al. Comparing the Outcomes of Thyroid

Surgical Procedures for Benign Diseases with Expertise of

the Surgeon in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

J Islamabad Med Dent Colleg. 2021;10(2): 68-75. DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v10i2.697

Razzak SA, Baloch MN, Mehmood Z, Shafqatullah S, Shahid

H, Khalid F. Thyroid malignancy: 5 years’ experience. J Surg

Pakistan. 2019; 24(4): 186-190. Doi: https://doi.org/ 10.21699

/jsp.24.4.6

Gupta M, Gupta S, Gupta VB. Correlation of fine needle

aspiration cytology with histopathology in the diagnosis of

solitary thyroid nodule. J Thyroid Res. 2010; 2010: 1-5. DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4061/2010/379051

Attia R, Kotb F, Rabie OM. Role of fine-needle aspiration

cytology in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases. The Egyptian

Journal of Surgery. 2019; 38(3):439-450. DOI: https://doi.org/

4103/ejs.ejs_32_19

Abdullah SI, Al-Samarrae AJ, Mahood AK. The Effect of

Aging on Human Thyroid Gland:(Anatomical and Histological

Study). Iraqi J Comm Med. 2010;23(3):158-164.

Agrawal D, Bhake AS, Rastogi N, Laishram S, Wankhade A,

Agarwal A . Role of Bethesda system for reporting thyroid

lesion and its correlation with histopathological diagnosis. J

Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ. 2019; 14(2): 74-81. Doi:

https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_76_18

Jesrani A, Hameed M, Ahmed N, Devi P, Baseer A. Diagnostic

Accuracy of Elastography in Differentiating Benign from

Malignant Thyroid Nodules Taking Fine Needle Aspiration

Cytology as Gold Standard. J Bahria Uni Med Dental Coll.

; 11(2): 70-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51985/OLBL1894

Downloads

Published

2023-04-03

How to Cite

Fatima, T. ., Ali, S., Rawtani, G. ., Dawani, S. ., Hussain, S. ., Zahid, S. ., Baluch, A. ., & Rasul, S. . (2023). Age Related Cytoarchitectural Comparison of Histopathological Changes in Thyroid Nodule. Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College, 13(02), 135–139. https://doi.org/10.51985/ JBUMDC2022107

Issue

Section

Original Articles