Association of Oral Hygiene Practices with Dental Caries in Young Adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51985/JBUMDC202237Keywords:
dental caries, fluoridated toothpaste, oral hygiene.Abstract
Objectives: To assess the association of dental hygiene practices and dental caries, check its relation and establish factors
that can help in reducing the caries.
Study design and setting: A cross sectional study was conducted on 180 young adults who held a degree of bachelor’s
and 20- 35 years of age from Lahore, Okara and Gujranwala.
Methodology: Ethical approval was sought from the Research and Ethical Review Board of the Dental College. Confidentiality
was ensured. Study was conducted over a period of six months. A confidence interval of 95% was established and p value
<0.05 was considered significant. The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions related to oral hygiene and status of caries.
The participants were interviewed using a questionnaire about the frequency of brushing, technique used, type of toothbrush,
fluoridated toothpastes, use of other aids, consumption of sugary snacks, dental visits, and established caries. The relation
was established with the diagnosed caries through frequency charts, correlation and Chi- square test using SPSS version
26.
Results: Of the 180 participants 126 were females (70%) and all the participants were educated and held a bachelor’s
degree. Dental caries was known to 158 participants (87.87%) and 85(71%) of the people said they brush twice a day. A
significant association of the diagnosed caries with the skipping of brushing, status of oral hygiene and visit to the dentist
was found as suggested by the p-values 0.042,0.023 and <0.001 respectively.
Conclusion: Healthy oral hygiene practices can reduce the caries.
References
Mathivathani V, Ganesh S B, Arivarasu L. Knowledge and
awareness of oral hygiene maintenance-A survey. Journal of
contemporary issues in business and government.
;27(2):2634-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47750 /cibg.
27.02.275
Manju J, Krithika C, Koteswari P, Manoj Kumar G. Awareness
of oral hygiene aids among general population. Indian journal
of forensic medicine & toxicology. 2020;14(3).
DOI:https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10394
Machiulskiene V, Campus G, Carvalho JC, Dige I, Ekstrand
KR, Jablonski-Momeni A, et al. Terminology of dental caries
and dental caries management: consensus report of a workshop
organized by ORCA and Cariology Research Group of IADR.
Caries research. 2020;54(1):7-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159
/000503309
Starr JR, Ruff RR, Palmisano J, Goodson JM, Bukhari OM,
Niederman R. Longitudinal caries prevalence in a
comprehensive, multicomponent, school-based prevention
program. The journal of the American dental association.
;152(3):224-33. e11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.adaj.
12.005
Mensch K, Nagy G, Nagy Á, Bródy A. Characteristics,
diagnosis and treatment of the most common bacterial diseases
of the oral cavity. Orvosi hetilap. 2019;160(19):739-46. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1556/650.2019.31377
Rifaey N, AlAdwani M, Karched M, Baskaradoss JK. A
clinical investigation into the efficacy of miswak chewing
sticks as an oral hygiene aid: A crossover randomized trial.
International Journal of Dental Hygiene. 2021;19(2):223-30.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12484
Riasat M, Hassan S, Farooq A, Gul K, Aslam K, Shehzad S.
Comparison of Salvadora Persica chewing stick and manual
toothbrush for efficacy of plaque removal: a randomized
clinical trial. Journal of medical sciences. 2021;29(02):98-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.21.29.2.08
Kasila K, Poskiparta M, Kettunen T, Pietilä I. Oral health
counseling in changing schoolchildren's oral hygiene habits:
a qualitative study. Community dentistry and oral
epidemiology. 2006;34(6):419-28. DOI: https://doi.org/
1111/ j.1600-0528.2006.00288.x
John JR, Daniel B, Panneerselvam D, Rajendran G. Prevalence
of dental caries, oral hygiene knowledge, status, and practices
among visually impaired individuals in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
International journal of dentistry. 2017;2017. DOI: https://
doi.org/10.1155/2017/9419648
Ashkenazi M, Kessler-Baruch O, Levin L. Oral hygiene
instructions provided by dental hygienists: Results from a
self-report cohort study and a suggested protocol for oral
hygiene education. Quintessence Int. 2014;45(3):265-9.
Brighenti FL, Delbem A, Buzalaf M, Oliveira F, Ribeiro D,
Sassaki K. In vitro evaluation of acidified toothpastes with
low fluoride content. Caries research. 2006;40(3):239-44.
Wright JT, Hanson N, Ristic H, Whall CW, Estrich CG, Zentz
RR. Fluoride toothpaste efficacy and safety in children younger
than 6 years: a systematic review. The Journal of the American
Dental Association. 2014;145(2):182-9. DOI: https://doi.org/
14219/jada.2013.37
Benadof D, Polk D, Documet P. Stages and transitions in the
development of tooth brushing skills in children of Mexican
immigrant families: a qualitative study. Journal of public
health dentistry. 2015;75(4):337-42. DOI: https://doi.org/
1111/jphd.12108
Suzuki Y. Process of the tooth brushing habit formation in
children. 1. Period of the start and present circumstances
classified by age. Aichi Gakuin Daigaku Shigakkai Shi.
;28(2):639-61. Retrieved from: URL: https://europepmc
.org/article/med/2135133
Ashley P, Attrill D, Ellwood R, Worthington H, Davies R.
Toothbrushing habits and caries experience. Caries research.
;33(5):401.
Poyato-Ferrera M, Segura-Egea J, Bullón-Fernández P.
Comparison of modified Bass technique with normal
toothbrushing practices for efficacy in supragingival plaque
removal. International journal of dental hygiene. 2003;1(2):110-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-5037.2003.00018.x
Twetman S, Axelsson S, Dahlgren H, Holm AK, Källestål C,
Lagerlöf F, et al. Caries-preventive effect of fluoride toothpaste:
a systematic review. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica.
;61(6):347-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080 /000163
Wong M, Clarkson J, Glenny A-M, Lo E, Marinho V, Tsang
B, et al. Cochrane reviews on the benefits/risks of fluoride
toothpastes. Journal of dental research. 2011;90(5):573-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034510393346
Janakiram C, Varghese N, Ramanarayanan Venkitachalam JJ,
Vineetha K. Comparison of modified Bass, Fones and normal
tooth brushing technique for the efficacy of plaque control in
young adults-A randomized clinical trial. Journal of clinical
and experimental dentistry. 2020;12(2):e123. DOI: https://doi.
org/10.4317/jced.55747
Cury JA, Tenuta LMA, Ribeiro CCC, Paes Leme AF. The
importance of fluoride dentifrices to the current dental caries
prevalence in Brazil. Brazilian dental journal. 2004;15(3):167-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402004000300001
Islas-Granillo H, Casanova-Rosado JF, de la Rosa-Santillana
R, Casanova-Rosado AJ, Islas-Zarazúa R, de Lourdes MárquezCorona M, et al. Self-reported oral hygiene practices with
emphasis on frequency of tooth brushing: A cross-sectional
study of Mexican older adults aged 60 years or above.
Medicine. 2020;99(36). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097 /md.
Suratri MAL, Tjahja I, Setiawaty V. Correlation between
dental health maintenance behavior with Dental Caries Status
(DMF-T). Bali medical journal. 2018;7(1):56-60. DOI: https://
doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v7i1.836
Kumar PS, Doshi D, Kulkarni S, Reddy P, Reddy S, Srilatha
A. Effect of motivation on oral hygiene and caries status
among young adults in Hyderabad City. Indian journal of
dental research. 2019;30(1):15. etrieved from: URL:
cholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Kum
ar+PS%2C+Doshi+D%2C+Kulkarni+S%2C+Reddy+P%2
C+Reddy+S%2C+Srilatha+A.+Effect+of+motivation+on+
oral+hygiene+and+caries+status+among+young+adults+in
+Hyderabad+City.+Indian+Journal+of+Dental+Research.+
%3B30%281%29%3A15.&btnG=
Ramsay CR, Clarkson JE, Duncan A, Lamont TJ, Heasman
PA, Boyers D, et al. Improving the Quality of Dentistry
(IQuaD): a cluster factorial randomised controlled trial
comparing the effectiveness and cost-benefit of oral hygiene
advice and/or periodontal instrumentation with routine care
for the prevention and management of periodontal disease in
dentate adults attending dental primary care. Health Technology
assessment. 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.3310/hta22380
Harchandani N. Oral health challenges in Pakistan and
approaches to these problems. Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal.
;32(3).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Mariam Fatima, Nazli Gul Shujaat, Syeda Lalarukh Saba Shah, Shujaat Hasan Idris
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Journal of Bahria University Medical & Dental College is an open access journal and is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0. which permits unrestricted non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 
